What is Ratio Analysis?
So basically, Ratio Analysis is a process to gain a deeper insight into the financial health and the current & probable performance of the company by comparing and analyzing the information provided in the financial statements.
To compare and analyze the information recorded in the financial statements, certain formulas are used. Let’s have a look at them.
Ratio Analysis Formulas
Liquidity Ratio
Liquidity ratio focuses on the company’s current assets and liabilities to analyze if it can pay the short term debts.
Current Ratio - Current Assets/Current Liabilities
Quick Ration - Liquid Assets/Current Liabilities
Absolute Liquid Ratio - Absolute Liquid Assets/Current Liabilities
Profitability Ratio
This ratio analyzes how a company uses its assets and how effectively it generates the profit from the equities and assets.
Ratios
|
Formulas
|
Gross Profit Ratio
|
Gross Profit / Net Sales X 100
|
Operating Profit Ratio
|
Operating Profit / Net Sales X 100
|
Net Profit Ratio
|
Operating Profit / Net Sales X 100
|
Working Capital Ratio
This ratio analyzes if the company can pay off the current debts or liabilities using the current assets.
Ratios
|
Formulas
|
Inventory Ratio
|
Net Sales / Inventory
|
Debtors Turnover Ratio
|
Total Sales / Account Receivables
|
Debt Collection Ratio
|
Receivables X Months or days in a year / Net Credit Sales for the year
|
Capital Structure Ratio
The capital structure ratio analyzes how structurally a firm uses the capital or funds to finance its operations.
Ratios
|
Formulas
|
Debt Equity Ratio
|
Total Long Term Debts / Shareholders Fund
|
Proprietary Ratio
|
Shareholders Fund/ Total Assets
|
Capital Gearing Ratio
|
Equity Share Capital / Fixed Interest Bearing Funds
|
Overall Profitability Ratio
This ratio measures how profitable a particular firm or company is, or how it can turn its assets and capital into profits for future use.
Ratio
|
Formula
|
Overall Profit Ability Ratio
|
Net Profit / Total Assets
|
Tips to Learn Ratio Analysis Formulas Easily
1. Understand
- Understand the ratios rather than just memorizing them.
- Write down ratios & work them out several times using different numbers.
2. Categorize
- Categorize financial ratios according to the type of information they provide.
- Place financial ratios in six categories.
3. Prioritize
- Prioritize the key financial ratios.
- Pick out the five most important ratios and learn them first.
4. Create Visual Representation
- Try to create visual representation of each element of the ratio in your head.
- Connect each symbol by creating a story to keep them all together.
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